An up-to-date study of language use & commun ication skills in alternative populations, this text address es questions on the essence of language, how it is shaped by normal constraints, and how it can be rehabilitated when co nstraints are abnormal. '
How do people decide what to do? What is the origin of judgment? These questions are fundamental both to individual psychology, and across the social sciences. Judgement and Decision Making bring together the classic works in the field of the past 50 years, both setting the field in historical and theoretical context, and outlining cutting edge research. The articles range across psychology, economics, sociology and neuroscience, and deals both with fundamental and applied research. Volume 1, Foundations, sets out core background material. Volume 2, Individual Decision Making, considers how people make choices, including choices between complex options, and choices involving risk and time. Volume 3, Probability and Judgment, considers how people reason with uncertainty, estimate frequencies, and determine degrees of confidence. Volume 4, Interactive and Group Processes, considers how people make decisions in social interactions, group decision making, and implications for economics and society. The collection is targeted and advanced undergraduates and graduate students in Psychology, Economics, and Business, and provides a foundation for students and practioners in cognitive psychology, behavioural economics, behavioural finance, neuroeconomics, and marketing.
Showcasing exemplary research programs, this book explores how theories and findings on cognitive development can be used to improve classroom instruction.
Responding to an explosion of new mathematical and computational models used in the fields of cognitive science, this book provides simple tutorials concerning the development and testing of such models. The authors focus on a few key models, with a primary goal of equipping readers with the fundamental principles, methods, and tools necessary ......
This collection of essays reflects the far-reaching, multi-dimensional influence of Christopher Bollas. Bollas galvanises our understanding of what happens when people encounter the objects - the endlessly variegated content - of external reality. Each of us has our own unique idiom through which we endow objects - a painting, a football, a stranger - with special meaning. Bollas has added depth to our understanding of these relationships with a vitality rarely found in psychoanalytic writing. The contributors to this volume offer definitions and illustrations that make Bollas' thought accessible for those approaching his work for the first time and illuminating for those more familiar with his canon. The work reveals the possibilities for self-expression and growth that figure in the process of object relations and shows how and why thinkers and artists from so many different perspectives are attracted to Bollas' thought.
The central project of this volume is a reappraisal of some of the great debates in psychology in the light of recent theoretical and empirical developments of recent years. The author reviews a range of thought and research to demonstrate how the dominant cognitive approach to pscyhology has failed. He makes a case that language is best understood as a kind of activity, as discourse. The argument draws upon enthomethodology, conversation analysis, linguistic philosophy, and social studies of science. These influences underpin an intellectual survey ranging across cognitivism. discursive psychology, shared knowledge, categories and metaphor, emotion and narrative. The emphasis throughout is on the value of close empirical study of text and talk, through which the topics of mind, world and "who we are" are all seen as "ways of talking".
'Dr. Joel Cooper has been at the very forefront of research on dissonance theory for decades now. In this book, he provides a brilliant and engagingly-written review of the 50-year history of dissonance research and a masterful account of the ensuing developments in the theory. The book will be an outstanding resource for readers familiar with dissonance research and an enlightening introduction for those who are not' - Professor Russell H. Fazio, Ohio State University Why is it that people who smoke continue to do so knowing how bad it is for them? What drives people to committing adultery even though they inherently believe this is wrong? What's the outcome of this contradiction in the mind? Cognitive dissonance has been an important and influential theory since Leon Festinger published his classic work in 1957. It is known by every social psychologist, most psychologists of any stripe, and the lay public, making its way into such mainstream publications as The New York Times with increasing frequency and accuracy. Ultimately, dissonance has become one of the most popularly known expressions of social psychological insights, making its way into the literature in consumer, health and economic behavior, and has become a frequently used explanation of political behavior in the popular press and magazines. In marking the 50th anniversary of the theory's inception, Joel Cooper - arguably the scholar most associated with dissonance research in the past few decades - has presented a beautiful, modern and comprehensive analysis of the state of dissonance theory. This book charts the progress of dissonance theory, assessing its impact not only within our understanding of psychology but in everyday experiences as well. It should be important reading for students in social psychology, either undergraduate or graduate, but equally relevant to a host of other readers who need to understand or share the same passions for appreciating the significance of cognitive dissonance in the human psyche.
Metacognition is the first textbook to focus on people's extraordinary ability to evaluate and control their cognitive processes. This comprehensive text covers both theoretical and empirical metacognitive research in educational, developmental, cognitive and applied psychology. Authors John Dunlosky and Janet Metcalfe address many of the key questions that have inspired scientists to pursue research in this domain. To answer these and many other questions, the authors assess major theoretical themes and programmatic research in the field. The authors also include chapters that define the scope of metacognition and cover its historical origins. Not only do they describe well-received theories about the nature of metacognition, but they also highlight unresolved mysteries currently on the cutting-edge of research. Key Features Emphasizes the practical relevance of theory and research in metacognition to learning with the use of "Application" boxes Introduces students to important questions that have yet to be answered by the metacognitive research literature with the inclusion of "Mystery" boxes Provides three easy-to-conduct demonstrations (e.g., tip-of-the-tongue experience, delayed-judgment-of-learning effect, etc.) that students can try themselves Offers brief biographies that introduce students to some of the most influential leaders in metacognition Includes a general summary at the end of each chapte Intended Audience This text is an ideal resource for undergraduate cognitive psychology students. It also serves as comprehensive handbook for more advanced students and psychological scientists engaged in the study of metacognitive processes.
Many diverse streams of thought have come together in an international movement to reject the traditional view that a "scientific" psychology must rely on an experimental methodology. Underpinning this movement is the principle that the main characteristics of human life are best understood as produced through discourse. This "discursive" psychology has found adherents across the range of psychological disciplines and has ushered in a revised understanding of the subject. This text shows how to put these theoretical and methodological insights to work in the investigation of concrete problems in psychology. A range of traditional psychological topics are examined, from decision-making, memory and attributions to emotions, learning and the self.
