A fascinating account of two eighteenth-century princes from East Africa, their travels, and their encounters with the British Empire and slavery In 1716 two princes from Mpfumo-what is today Maputo, the capital of Mozambique-boarded a ship licensed by the East India Company bound for England. Instead, their perfidious captain sold them into slavery in Jamaica. After two years of pleading their case, the princes-known in the historical record as Prince James and Prince John-convinced a lawyer to purchase them, free them, and travel with them to London. The lawyer perished when a hurricane wrecked their ship, but the princes survived and arrived in England in 1720. Even though the East India Company had initially thought that the princes might assist in their aspirations to develop a trade for gold in East Africa and for enslaved labor in Madagascar, its interest waned. The princes would need to look elsewhere to return home. It was at this point that members of the Royal African Company and the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge took up their cause, in the hope that profit and perhaps Christian souls would follow. John would make it home, but tragically, James would end his own life just before the ship sailed for Africa. In The Two Princes of Mpfumo, Lindsay O'Neill brings to life individuals caught up in the eighteenth-century slave trade. O'Neill also shows how the princes' experiences reflect the fragmented, chaotic, and often deadly realities of the early British empire. A fascinating and deeply researched historical narrative, The Two Princes of Mpfumo blurs the boundaries between the Atlantic and Indian ocean worlds; reveals the intertwined networks, powerful individuals, and unstable knowledge that guided British attempts at imperial expansion; and illuminates the power of African polities, which decided who lived and who died on their coasts.
Lindsay O'Neill is Associate Professor (Teaching) of History at the University of Southern California and author of The Opened Letter: Networking in the Early Modern British World, also available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.
"O'Neill excavates the story of two East African princes who boarded a British ship with the intent of traveling to London only to be sold into slavery in Jamaica...As O'Neill follows the two men, she shines a light on the lesser-known British slave trade in East Africa and Madagascar and the troubling, naive, and conflicting interests of the British East India Company, Royal African Company, and Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. O'Neill's thoughtful and extensive research is apparent...Readers will better understand the complex moral, racial, and trade networks the princes traversed."" (Kirkus Reviews) "Beautifully written and superbly researched, Lindsay O'Neill's brilliant book thrives on a winning combination of vivid story-telling and a deep, expansive appreciation of the settings her actors operated in. Most important, she skillfully handles the evidence to allow 'the two princes of Mpfumo' some control over their lives." (William Pettigrew, author of Freedom's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672-1752) "Any book that can bring to life individual victims of the eighteenth-century slave trade is significant. That the princes come from East Africa is even more so. Through Lindsay O'Neill's sophisticated work, we gain insight into the many and various schemes the European powers had in East Africa and even in remote islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, all important to understanding those rivalries and ambitions. The Two Princes of Mpfumo is required reading for scholars and students interested in the slave trade." (Randy Sparks, author of The Two Princes of Calabar: An Eighteenth-Century Atlantic Odyssey)
