The depiction of Christ as divine is often assumed to be the categorical difference between early Jewish messianism and New Testament Christology. Despite the prolific accomplishments of recent scholarship on Second Temple messianism and on the origin and development of "high" Christology, research has largely treated these as two separate lines of inquiry. As an unintended result, earliest Christianity appears not as an organic outgrowth of ancient Judaism, but as something of an anomaly. Ruben A. Buehner calls this line of thinking into question in Messianic High Christology. Through a curated set of exegetical comparisons, each between a christological text and one or two messianic texts, Buehner reveals to what extent Second Temple messianism is indeed the primary context for the high Christologies of the New Testament: most New Testament concepts of Christ's divinity are to be understood precisely as part of contemporary discourse within early Jewish messianism. While early understandings of Christ are not simply identical with some other Jewish messianic expectations, they should be understood as deliberate developments in acceptance of and in dialogue with the wider Jewish discourse produced by some Jewish subgroups. As Buehner argues, it was not until the second and subsequent centuries that Jews as well as non-Jewish followers of Christ began to consider the divinity of the messiah as the decisive criterion by which to distinguish between what later would develop into two separate religions. With Messianic High Christology, Buehner brings the New Testament Christologies closer to their first-century Jewish context. In doing so, he augments our understanding of the correlation between early devotion to Christ and early Jewish thought and practice more broadly, and challenges current historical reconstructions.
Ruben A. Buehner received the Manfred Lautenschlaeger Award for Theological Promise 2021 for his dissertation entitled "High Messianology". The prize is awarded by the Heidelberg Research Center for International and Interdisciplinary Theology FIIT (Research Center for International and Interdisciplinary Theology). In September 2020, he was awarded the Young Scientist Prize 2020 from the Center for Classical Studies Zurich.
Introduction 1. The Exaltation of Christ: Philippians 2:6-11 and Messianic Exaltation Texts 2. The Heavenly Christ: Mark 14:61-65 and Celestial Messianic Figures 3. The Virginal Conception of Christ: Luke 1:26-38, Divine Sonship, and Miraculous Births 4. Christ the Enthroned Lamb: Revelation 4-5 and the Son of Man Seated on the Throne of Glory 5. Christ the Divine Word: John's Prologue and the Destructive Power of Messiah's Utterance 6. Paths Not Taken: Angelic Messianism and Angelomorphic Christology 7. High Christology: A Contested Variant of Second Temple Messianism Conclusion
For any desiring to get an overview of various types of 'superhuman' qualities that messiahs in early Jewish literature possess, this book is a mustread. Buehner writes very clearly, and he generally argues his case rather carefully. Unlike more maximalist presentations of messianism, Buehner allows texts to speak for themselves, while not denying the broader traditions and trends common in many messiah texts. --Madison N. Pierce "Bulletin for Biblical Research" This volume is an excellent contribution to the ongoing debates about the origin and development of Christology. One of the great strengths of Buehner's volume is his text-centered approach. While scholars have long disputed how to define 'divinity' among Jews, creating taxonomies of 'divine'and 'human' based on characteristics or attributes, Buehner shows that New Testament Christological texts make claims about Jesus as a superhuman figure. --Tyler A. Stewart "Stone-Campbell Journal" Bu?hner's study is well-researched, insightful, and moves the scholarly conversation forward. --Kendall A. Davis "Concordia Journal" ...the sustained and intriguing argument that unfolds in this book provides an unexpected and compelling insight into how the earliest Christians thought of Jesus. --John Moorhead "Journal of Religious History"
