How three skilled orators navigated a polarized political landscape For the generation of politicians who inherited the Republic and the Union, the opening months of 1850 were a desperate time filled with increasing animosity between free and slave state leaders over issues of the expansion of slavery. Following the end of the Mexican-American War and the subsequent expansion of American territory came a series of fiery debates over how this new territory would be governed, and whether to allow California's admission to the Union as a "free state." Three Speeches That Saved the Union provides the first ever deep content analysis of the three most eventful speeches delivered in the Us Senate. Historian Peter Charles Hoffer offers a thorough analytical study of the roles of the "great triumvirate" of American political leaders - Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster - played in preserving the American Union. All three were lawyers, and for lawyers especially, words mattered. As is the case today, practicing law meant knowing and using "terms of art" correctly, and knowing which words would sway a jury - or a nation. Despite their opposing viewpoints, these skilled orators urged for some kind of compromise that would diffuse the possibility of civil war. Providing all three speeches in their entirety, alongside a running commentary framing the political climate and manner in which each of these speeches were delivered, Hoffer demonstrates how intractable the slavery issue had become, how near a civil war was, and how it was prevented - at least for a time. Three Speeches That Saved the Union is an invaluable study of a nation that three speeches pulled from the brink of dissolution.
Peter Charles Hoffer is Distinguished Research Professor of History at the University of Georgia. He has authored and co-authored more than twenty books, including Clio Among the Muses: Essays on History and the Humanities; The Historians' Paradox: The Study of History in Our Time; and The Clamor of Lawyers: The American Revolution and the Crisis in the Legal Profession.
The 'Old Senate Chamber' sprung to life in 1850, as unprecedented territorial expansion incited the passions of pro- and anti-slavery forces, and Kentucky's Henry Clay formulated a multi-pronged compromise to save the Union. The prolific scholar Peter Hoffer gives deservedly close commentary to the interwoven issues, and the failure of vaunted orator Daniel Webster to have the last word. In the author's hands, this uneasy 'breathing spell' before secession is sharply analyzed and deftly narrated. -- Andrew Burstein, author of Longing for Connection: Entangled Memories and Emotional Loss in Early America Peter Hoffer reminds us there were times when words mattered and speaking was an art form. His close textual analysis of three iconic speeches on the Senate floor in 1850 explains them better than anyone else has; his explication of oratory and legal reasoning in the historical context is simply unmatched. -- Thomas P. Slaughter, author of The Sewards of New York This gripping and persuasive work will transform the way we think about three vital players in American history: The Great Triumvirate of Calhoun, Webster, and Clay. Zealous in research and organization, Hoffer presents a challenging and enlightening reassessment that is certain to open new conversations and complicate old ones. This account is essential text for those interested in this time of great importance to the nation. -- Orville Vernon Burton, author of The Age of Lincoln In this remarkable book, Peter Hoffer transports us to the galleries of the Senate during the tense debates over the Compromise of 1850. There, three of America's most powerful orators, Clay, Calhoun, and Webster, delivered speeches that might save the nation from destroying itself over the question of slavery. As though we are in the audience, Hoffer helps us understand the intention and meaning of these speeches as they unfold. Words mattered to these men, and their words mattered greatly to a young democracy's capacity to survive. -- Don H. Doyle, author of The Age of Reconstruction: How Lincoln's New Birth of Freedom Remade the World
