In 1760, following the largest slave revolt in the eighteenth-century British Empire, the Afro-Caribbean word "Obeah" first appeared in British colonial law. In Archival Irruptions, Katharine Gerbner traces how British authorities in Jamaica came to criminalize Obeah, a practice that was variously seen as a healing method, an Africana religion, a science, and a form of witchcraft. Gerbner shows that in the years directly preceding its criminalization, for enslaved Africans and Maroons, Obeah was a prophetic practice tied to healing and death rites. Drawing on Moravian missionary archives, Gerbner theorizes these descriptions of African religious beliefs, rituals, and concepts as "irruptions": Moments when Africana epistemologies break the narrative of a European-authored archival document. Through these irruptions, we see European assertions of authority through the lens of Obeah. Moreover, we find that the modern category of religion is rooted in the histories of slavery, rebellion, and the criminalization of Black religious practices. Gerbner's search for archival irruptions not only creates an opportunity to write an alternative narration about Obeah, it provides a new methodology for all those conducting archival research.
Katharine Gerbner is Associate Professor of History and Director of Religious Studies at the University of Minnesota. She is the author of Christian Slavery: Conversion and Race in the Protestant Atlantic World.
Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Part I: Obeah 1. Africana Irruptions 17 2. Religio-Nations in the Archives 37 3. Maroons, Blood Oaths, and Gendered Irruptions 63 Part II: Heuchelei 4. Archival Silence, Sexual Violence 83 5. Policing Bodies, Saving Souls 101 6. Construction Religion, Defining Crime 121 Epilogue. Land and Archive 141 Appendix 1 147 Appendix 2 149 Notes 153 Bibliography 183 Index 211
"This vital story captures the spirit of colonial Christianity. Reading through the selective observations and strategies of racial suppression employed to silence Africana religion, Katharine Gerbner's engrossing narrative reveals how Black ways of knowing left indelible marks on the archive of Atlantic slavery. More than anything else I can remember, this book expands the way we must think about how authority, recognition, and disavowal shapes religious transformations." - Vincent Brown, author of Tacky's Revolt: The Story of an Atlantic Slave War "In this groundbreaking book, Katharine Gerbner develops an account of the experiences, beliefs, thoughts, and decisions of enslaved Africans in mid-eighteenth-century Jamaica. Her definitive research provides a new starting point for theorizing Obeah historically and distilling its value to some of its original custodians of African descent. Archival Irruptions is a new model for how scholars can read colonial archives in order to update, complicate, and expand the historical narratives they construct about the past and make available to their readers." - Dianne M. Stewart, author of Obeah, Orisa, and Religious Identity in Trinidad, Volume II, Orisa
