A military alliance with the United States means a military occupation by the United States. That is the truth Zach Fredman uncovers in The Tormented Alliance. The first book to draw on archives from all of the areas in China where U.S. forces deployed during the 1940s, it examines the formation, evolution, and undoing of the alliance between the United States and the Republic of China during World War II and the Chinese Civil War. Fredman reveals how each side brought to the alliance expectations that the other side was simply unable to meet, resulting in a tormented relationship across all levels of Sino-American engagement. Entangled in larger struggles over race, gender, and nation, the U.S. military in China transformed itself into a widely loathed occupation force: an aggressive, resentful, emasculating source of physical danger and compromised sovereignty. After Japan's surrender and the spring 1946 withdrawal of Soviet forces from Manchuria, the U.S. occupation became the chief obstacle to consigning foreign imperialism in China irrevocably to the past. Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek lost his country in 1949, and the U.S. military presence contributed to his defeat. The occupation of China also cast a long shadow, establishing patterns that have followed the U.S. military elsewhere in Asia up to the present.
Zach Fredman is assistant professor of history at Duke Kunshan University.
"Lively and pugilistic . . . The Tormented Alliance is an important work, and quite convincing as an account of the Sino-U.S. experience in China during the 1940s."--War on the Rocks "An extraordinarily well-researched, comprehensive, and original analysis of the troubled encounter between the United States and Nationalist China . . . . Fredman's research in Chinese sources, including municipal records in China and Myanmar, is remarkable. His prodigious investigative efforts enable him to give historians what they had been needing most, a thorough account of how Chinese government officials, military officers, and civilians interacted with and perceived their U.S. allies."--Diplomatic History "An original and important study that approaches the topic from a new perspective: from the bottom up."--H-Diplo "Based on newly available Chinese sources, Fredman's excellent book will quickly become the standard for examining U.S.-GMD relations."--Journal of American History "Extensive and thorough. . . . [A] sharp critique of the American military alliance with China during the war years."--Journal of American-East Asian Relations "Fredman has approached the topic armed with tenacity and sources galore. He has gone beyond the typical questions of Japanese war crimes or Stillwell's nutty diary, creating a lively text whose larger argument and specific contentions are worthy of debate."--The China Quarterly
