A rebellious Indian proclaiming noble ancestry and entitlement, a military lieutenant foreshadowing the coming of revolution, a blasphemous Creole embroiderer in possession of a bundle of sketches brimming with pornography. All shared one thing in common. During the late eighteenth century, they were deemed to be mad and forcefully admitted to the Hospital de San Hipolito in Mexico City, the first hospital of the New World to specialize in the care and custody of the mentally disturbed. Christina Ramos reconstructs the history of this overlooked colonial hospital from its origins in 1567 to its transformation in the eighteenth century, when it began to admit a growing number of patients transferred from the Inquisition and secular criminal courts. Drawing on the poignant voices of patients, doctors, friars, and inquisitors, Ramos treats San Hipolito as both a microcosm and a colonial laboratory of the Hispanic Enlightenment-a site where traditional Catholicism and rationalist models of madness mingled in surprising ways. She shows how the emerging ideals of order, utility, rationalism, and the public good came to reshape the institutional and medical management of madness. While the history of psychiatry's beginnings has often been told as seated in Europe, Ramos proposes an alternative history of madness's medicalization that centers colonial Mexico and places religious figures, including inquisitors, at the pioneering forefront.
Christina Ramos is assistant professor of history at Washington University in St. Louis.
"A compelling study of the medicalization of madness. . . . Ramos provides a model of scholarship that will appeal to a wide range of scholars interested in histories of medicine."--H-Sci-Med-Tech "A triumph . . . eloquent, provocative, highly-synthesized, and compellingly theorized. Its brisk and accessible prose will lead to successful discussions with advanced undergraduates . . . [and will] doubtlessly be essential reading for historians of pre-modern histories of medicine, the behavioral and mind sciences, colonial histories of medicine, and colonial Latin American history."--Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences "A welcome addition to the literature on colonial medicine in Spanish America. It builds on the work of Maria Cristina Sacristan while uncovering the institutional transformation of a unique site. . . . concise, clearly written, and well researched."--Reading Religion "Ramos encuentra una justificacion novedosa para estudiar la locura en esta etapa de grandes cambios. La originalidad de su libro tambien radica en el fino analisis documental y hermeneutico que realiza para mostrar rompimientos y continuidades en un proceso de transicion de modelos." "[Through Bedlam in the New World] Ramos demonstrates a new reason to study madness in an era of substantial change. The originality of her work lies in her fine-tuned documental and hermeneutic analysis that reveals the breaks and continuities in a process of changing models."-Hispanic American Historical Review "Ramos's work will be of particular interest to scholars of religion and law, offering as it does evidence not only for reading colonies as 'laboratories of modernity' but legal archives as rich sources of such (multivalent, often ambiguous) work."--Religious Studies Review "Sharp, wonderfully analysed and researched, and delightfully written. . . . Ramos' incisive historiographical interventions are supported by her outstanding source base."--Social History of Medicine
