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Ottoman Passports

Security and Geographic Mobility, 1876-1908
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In Ottoman Passports, Ilkay Yilmaz reconsiders the history of two political issues, the Armenian and Macedonian questions, approaching both through the lens of mobility restrictions during the late Ottoman Empire. Yilmaz investigates how Ottoman security perceptions and travel regulations were directly linked to transnational security regimes battling against anarchism. The Hamidian government targeted "internal threats" to the regime with security policies that created new categories of suspects benefiting from the concepts of vagrant, conspirator, and anarchist. Yilmaz explores how mobility restrictions and the use of passports became critical to targeting groups including Armenians, Bulgarians, seasonal and foreign workers, and revolutionaries. Taking up these new policies on surveillance, mobility, and control offers a timely look at the origins of contemporary immigration debates and the historical development of terrorism and counterterrorism.
Ilkay Yilmaz is currently an Einstein Senior Researcher at the Friedrich-Meinecke-Institute, Free University of Berlin. She earned her PhD in the Institute of Social Sciences/Faculty of Political Sciences from Istanbul University.
Introduction 1. Theoretical Framework: The Modern State, Power, and Security 2. The Modern State, Power, and Security Policies in the Hamidian Era: A Historical Framework 3. Antianarchism, Interimperial Security Collaborations, and the Ottoman Empire 4. State Discourses of Threat from Ancient Concepts to New Narratives: Vagrant, Fesad, and Anarchist 5. Controlling Geographical Mobility: From Early-Modern Practices to Modern Regulations 6. Efforts to Control Internal Geographical Mobility under Abduelhamid II: Internal Passports 7. Passport Regulations and Practices during the Hamidian Era Conclusion
Examines the relationship between passport regulations, mobility restrictions, and security practices within the context of a tumultuous late Ottoman political climate.
A very important book that fills a significant lacuna in our field. It is the product of meticulous labor in the archives and contains a great deal of previously unknown information." - Taner Akcam, Director of Armenian Genocide Research Program, UCLA
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