Though ethanol, a liquid fuel made from agricultural byproducts, has generated controversy in recent years - good or bad for the environment? a big-ag boon or boondoggle? - its use goes back more than a century. Tracing the little-known history of this promising and contentious fuel, Ethanol: A Hemispheric History for the Future of Biofuels reveals the transnational nature of ethanol's development by its two biggest producers, the U.S. and Brazil. By drawing the connections between the shifting fortunes of ethanol in these two countries, the book presents the first full picture of the long history of this renewable fuel that from the beginning offered an imperfect alternative to oil. Though generally presented as parallel stories, the histories of ethanol in the U.S. and Brazil are inextricably linked. Authors Jeffrey T. Manuel and Thomas D. Rogers show how policies in one country shaped those in the other. Brazil patterned its mid-century development on the U.S. model, adopting an automobile- and highway-focused transportation system and a fossil fuel-intensive agricultural sector. U.S. policymakers in turn took note when Brazil responded to the 1970s oil shocks by distributing ethanol nationwide, replacing half of its gasoline consumption. In the 2000s, the nations' leaders worked together to dramatically expand ethanol production. Today, as a new generation of biofuels meant to power aviation and fight climate change again connects Brazilian and U.S. ethanol, Manuel and Rogers explain how the fuel's future, like its history, is complicated by technical, scientific, economic, and social questions - about how to calculate carbon emissions, agricultural land use, national security and sovereignty, and the balance between government regulation and market forces. Understanding the future of biofuels demands a reckoning with this extensive, shared history - a reckoning that Manuel and Rogers's far-reaching, deeply researched book brings into view.
Jeffrey T. Manuel is Professor of History at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and the author of Taconite Dreams: The Struggle to Sustain Mining on Minnesota's Iron Range, 1915-2000. Thomas D. Rogers is Professor of History at Emory University and the author of Agriculture's Energy: The Trouble with Ethanol in Brazil's Green Revolution.
Manuel and Rogers make an important contribution to the growing field of energy humanities studies. By examining the transnational connections and divergences between ethanol's development in Brazil and the United States, the authors open new dialogue about the place of alternative fuels in international energy regimes of the twentieth century and their evolution in the twenty-first." - Jennifer Eaglin, author of Sweet Fuel: A Political and Environmental History of Brazilian Ethanol "Manuel and Rogers offer invaluable insight and information on the decades-long dance Brazil and the United States have performed with ethanol production and environmental attitudes, science, and the agricultural marketplace. Ethanol:A Hemispheric History for the Future of Biofuels tells a unique transnational story that speaks to the human effort to develop alternatives to fossil fuel dominance." - Brian C. Black, author of Crude Reality: Petroleum in World History
