Although the Creeks constitute a sovereign nation today, the concept of the nation meant little to their ancestors in the Native South. Rather, as Steven Peach contends in Rivers of Power, the Creeks of present-day Georgia and Alabama conceptualized rivers as the basis of power, leadership, and governance in early America. An original work of Indigenous ethnohistory, Peach's book explores the implications of this river-oriented approach to power, in which rivers were a metaphor for the subregional provinces that defined the political textures of Creek country. The provinces nurtured leaders who worked to mitigate dangers across the Native South, including intertribal war, trade dependence, settler intrusion, and land erosion. Rivers of Power describes a system in which these headmen forged remarkably malleable coalitions within and across provinces to safeguard Creek country from harm-but were in turn directed, approved, and contested by local townspeople and kin groups. Taking a unique bottom-up approach to the study of Native Americans, Peach reveals how local actors guided and thwarted Indigenous headmen far more frequently and creatively than has been assumed. He also shows that although the Creeks traced descent through the maternal line, some became more comfortable with bilateral kinship, giving weight to both the paternal and maternal lineages. Fathers and sons thus played greater roles in Creek governance than Indigenous scholarship has acknowledged. Weaving a new narrative of the Creeks and outlining the contours of their riverine mode of governance, this work unpacks the fraught dimensions of political power in the Native South-and, indeed, Native North America-in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. By privileging Indigenous thought and intertribal history, it also advances the larger project of Native American history.
Steven Peach is Associate Professor of History at Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas.
This exciting new book joins a growing body of scholarship that re-focuses early American history away from English colonies on the Atlantic coast to a richer, more diverse continent west and south of the Appalachian Mountains. Peach's analysis of a provincial, or "riverine," mode of governance draws attention to fascinating political experiments based on Indigenous frameworks and challenges readers to rethink how we conceptualize eighteenth-century Native polities."-Joshua S. Haynes, author of Patrolling the Border: Theft and Violence on the Creek-Georgia Frontier, 1770-1796 "Thoroughly researched, expertly theorized, and thoughtfully articulated, Peach's reinterpretation of the sources and nature of Creek authority provides a welcome complement to recent works on a dynamic and contested southeast. Rivers of Power is a model in ethnohistory, and an excellent book."-Kevin Kokomoor, author of Of One Mind and Of One Government: The Rise and Fall of the Creek Nation in the Early Republic
