Charles Cornelius Coffin Painter (1833-89), clergyman turned reformer, was one of the foremost advocates and activists in the late-nineteenth-century movement to reform U.S. Indian policy. Very few individuals possessed the influence Painter wielded in the movement, and Painter himself published numerous pamphlets for the Indian Rights Association (IRA) on the Southern Utes, Eastern Cherokees, California Indians, and other Native peoples. Yet this is the first book to fully consider his unique role and substantial contribution. Born in Virginia, Painter spent most of his life in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, commuting to New York City and Washington, D.C., initially as an agent of the American Missionary Association (AMA), later as an appointed member of the Board of Indian Commissions (BIC), and, most significant, as the Indian Rights Association's D.C. agent. In these capacities he lobbied presidents and Congress for reform, conducted extensive investigations on reservations, and shaped deliberations in such reform bodies as the BIC and the influential Lake Mohonk conferences. Mining an extraordinary wealth of archival material, Valerie Sherer Mathes crafts a compelling account of Painter as a skilled negotiator with Indians and policymakers and as a tireless investigator who traveled to far-flung reservations, corresponded with countless Indian agents, and drafted scrupulously researched reports on his findings. Recounted in detail, his many adventures and behind-the-scenes activities-promoting education, striving to prevent the removal of the Southern Utes from Colorado, investigating reservation fraud, working to save the Piegans of Montana from starvation-afford a clear picture of Painter's importance to the overall reform effort to incorporate Native Americans into the fabric of American life. No other book so effectively captures the day-to-day and exhausting work of a single individual on the front lines of reform. Like most of his fellow advocates, Painter was an unapologetic assimilationist, a man of his times whose story is a key chapter in the history of the Indian reform movement.
Valerie Sherer Mathes, Professor Emerita of City College of San Francisco. Among the books she has authored or edited are Helen Hunt Jackson and Her Indian Reform Legacy and The Indian Reform Letters of Helen Hunt Jackson.
"In Charles C. Painter, Mathes sets out to restore Painter's prominence within the Indian reform movement, and encourage further scholarship on the sources he left behind. Her detailed work successfully establishes Painter's importance in terms of his skills, compromises, contradictions, and personal sacrifices. Along with Painter's career, Mathes captures the complexities, achievements, and shortcomings of the larger Indian reform movement."--New Mexico Historical Review "Few who study early twentieth-century federal Indian policy will immediately recognize the name Charles C. Painter. But, as Valerie Sherer Mathes demonstrates in this first book-length study of the Indian reform advocate, Charles Cornelius Coffin Painter (1833-1895) was one of the most prominent, active, and influential promoters of American Indian rights in the late nineteenth century. Drawing from Painter's extensive archive of public letters, articles, speeches, investigative reports, and papers, Mathes reconstructs the working life of an overlooked, yet significant, Indian reformer.... Mathes offers a thoroughly researched and detailed account of the work of this important Indian rights supporter which furthers our understanding of nineteenth-century Indian reform history."--South Dakota History "Mathes does not fall into a classic trap of biography and romanticize Painter. To the contrary, she explains that he was an unapologetic assimilationist as well as "a reformer who devoted his life work to doing what he thought was best for America's Indian population and doing it with elan" (x). There is no question that Painter was both productive and consequential. This fine-grained study of the work of reform in the 1880s and 1890s makes an important contribution to the scholarly literature and anyone interested in the subject matter should read this book carefully."---Nebraska History "Valerie Sherer Mathes's Charles C. Painter offers a fine-grained and meticulously chronicled biography of one of the most important Indian reformers of the post-Civil War period. Mathes's detailed and readable study succeeds in acknowledging the work and legacy of an important and often overlooked advocate for Native American rights."-- Montana the Magazine of Western History
