This is the first book-length historical critique of psychiatry's mainstream ideology, the biopsychosocial (BPS) model. Developed in the twentieth century as an outgrowth of psychosomatic medicine, the biopsychosocial model is seen as an antidote to the constraints of the medical model of psychiatry. Nassir Ghaemi details the origins and evolution of the BPS model and explains how, where, and why it fails to live up to its promises. He analyses the works of its founders, George Engel and Roy Grinker, Sr., traces its rise in acceptance, and discusses its relation to the thought of William Osler and Karl Jaspers. In assessing the biopsychosocial model, Ghaemi provides a philosophically grounded evaluation of the concept of mental illness and the relation between evidencebased medicine and psychiatry. He argues that its conceptual core is eclecticism, which in the face of too much freedom paradoxically leads many adherents to enact their own dogmas. Throughout, he makes the case for a new paradigm of medical humanism and methodbased psychiatry that is consistent with modern science while incorporating humanistic aspects of the art of medicine.Ghaemi shows how the historical role of the BPS model as a reaction to biomedical reductionism is coming to an end and urges colleagues in the field to embrace other, lesseclectic perspectives.
Preface Acknowledgments Part I: The Rise of the Biopsychosocial Model 1. The Perils of Open-mindedness: Adolf Meyer's Psychobiology 2. So Many Theories, So Little Time: The Rise of Eclecticism 3. Riding Madly in All Directions: Roy Grinker's ""Struggle for Eclecticism"" 4. A New Model of Medicine: George Engel's Biopsychosocial Model 5. Before and After: Precursors and Followers of the Biopsychosocial Model 6. Cease-fire: Ending the Psychiatric Civil War Part II: The Fall of the Biopsychosocial Model 7. Drowning in Data 8. Teaching Eclecticism 9. Psychopharmacology Awry 10. The Vagaries of the Real World Part III: What Next? 11. The Limits of Evidence-Based Medicine 12. Osler's Ghost 13. The Two Cultures 14. Between Science and the Humanities 15. The Meaning of Meaning: Verstehen Explained 16. The Beginning of a Solution: Method-Based Psychiatry 17. A New Psychiatric Humanism Afterword: Pre-empting the Straw Man Appendix: How Can We Teach It? A Proposal for Education of Psychiatrists Notes A Brief Glossary of Concepts References Index
""A psychiatrist criticizes the idea of psychiatric disease as a product of biological and social factors.""
