Americans today often associate scientific and technological change with progress and personal well-being. Yet underneath our confident assumptions lie serious questions. In Inventing Ourselves Out of Jobs? Amy Sue Bix locates the origins of this confusion in the Great Depression, when social and economic crisis forced many Americans to re-examine ideas about science, technology, and progress. Growing fear of 'technological unemployment'the idea that increasing mechanization displaced human workersprompted widespread talk about the meaning of progress in the new Machine Age. In response, promoters of technology mounted a powerful public relations campaign: in advertising, writings, speeches, and World Fair exhibits, company leaders and prominent scientists and engineers insisted that mechanization ultimately would ensure American happiness and national success.Emphasizing the cultural context of the debate, Bix concentrates on public perceptions of work and technological change: the debate over mechanization turned on ideology, on the way various observers in the 1930s interpreted the relationship between technology and American progress. Although similar concerns arose in other countries, Bix highlights what was unique about the American response: 'Discussion about workplace change,' she argues, 'became entwined with particular musings about the meaning of American history, the western frontier, and a sense of national destiny.' In her concluding chapters and epilogue, Bix shows how the issue changed during World War II and in postwar America and brings the debate forward to show its relevance to modern readers.
No historian before [Bix] has examined systematically what she rightly calls the American debate over the role of machines in either reducing or increasing jobs... A first-rate historical study that simultaneously speaks to our high-tech present.Howard P. SegalNatureAmy Bix's fine book, carefully researched and gracefully written, surveys the extent of everyday hardship during the Great Depression. She concentrates on the debates over technological unemployment in the United States, debates that were 'entwined with particular musings about the meaning of American history, the western frontier, and a sense of national destiny.'.Ester FanoTechnology and CultureThis book succeeds splendidly as an intellectual history of automation as it has been generally understood for most of this century by business and labor leaders, intellectuals, engineers, politicians, and publicists.George LipsitzAmerican Historical ReviewThis superb account of the uproar, beginning in the 1930s, over 'technological unemployment' brings to life an unexplored area of popular economics and policy debate through much of the twentieth century.Howard BrickBusiness History ReviewA very thorough and balanced analysis.Gary CrossJournal of American History Inventing Ourselves Out of Jobs? is an able and lucidly written account of the ongoing debate in the United States over the effects of technology on employment.Robert H. ZieglerEH.NETIt is to be hoped her book stimulates interest and provides the basis for further inquiry into the consequences of these aspects of the Information Revolution.Don LambertonPrometheusThis excellent study examines the multiple strands of concern about the threat to employment posed by mechanisation and automation, with the primary focus being on attitudes during the 1930s.M. J. FrenchBusiness HistoryFocusing on how the Depression impelled a national debate over technological unemployment, Bix examines the terms of that debate while exploring what it has to tell us about ourselves and our views about technology and progress. She makes plain early on that the debate was a proxy for something more profound: the uneasy American relation to the Machine Age and its progressive claims.Guy Alchon, author of The Invisible Hand of Planning: Capitalism, Social Science, and the State in the 1920s
