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9780801868276 Academic Inspection Copy

Central Neural States Relating Sex and Pain

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Hormones strongly influence and even ''drive'' certain primitive behaviors. In Central Neural States Relating Sex and Pain, Richard J. Bodnar, Kathryn Commons, and Donald W. Pfaff examine hormonal, neural, and genetic mechanisms of reproductive, pain-sensing, and pain-inhibitory systems. The authors show that there are remarkable neuroanatomical, biochemical, and functional overlaps among these systems. They consider sensory inputs triggering both classes of behaviors and focus on the role of sex hormones in modulating both forms of behavior. Sex hormones acting in different regions of the brain not only energize reproductive behaviors but also modulate opioid-dependent pain-inhibitory pathways. The authors also summarize some intriguing gender differences in hormone actions and responsivity to pain. The clinical implications of this field of research are numerous. Central Neural States Relating Sex and Pain will appeal to anyone interested in new ways of looking at behavioral dispositions as they are influenced by specific genetic, neural, and hormonal states.


Contents:



Series Foreword

Preface

List of Abbreviations



I Requirement for Motivational State Concepts

A Physics, Brain, and Behavior

B Motivation in Its Generalized and Specific Aspects

C Motivation for Females to Seek Males

D Hypothalamic and Preoptic Mechanisms Involved in Two Types of Motivational Change

E Summary



II Ascending Arousal Systems Activated

A Ascending Reticular Activating Systems

B Structure of Arousal States

C Application to Sexual Behavior

D Clinical Observations on Human Awareness and Arousal

E Mood

F Summary



III Descending Systems: The Importance of Opioid Peptides and Analgesia

A Opioid Peptides in Pain and Analgesia

B Analgesia Induced by Stress and Environmental Variables

C Hormonal Control of the Enkephalin Gene: One Paradox and Three Solutions

D Intimate Relations among Inhibitory Systems

E Hypothalamic Projections

F Gender Differences in Analgesia

G Pain and Sex: Similarity of Reproductive Behavior and Analgesia - Ascending and Descending Pathways

H Summary



IV Inferences and Arguments

A Gene/Behavior Relationships: Application to Opioid Peptides

B Biological Importance of the Relations among Sex, Arousal, and Analgesia



References

Index

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